im钱包下载地址|argon
作者： im钱包下载地址
2024-03-07 17:04:41
氩（化学元素）_百度百科
元素）_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心氩是一个多义词，请在下列义项上选择浏览（共4个义项）展开添加义项氩[yà]播报讨论上传视频化学元素收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10氩（Argon），非金属元素，元素符号Ar。氩是单原子分子，单质为无色、无臭和无味的气体。是稀有气体中在空气中含量最多的一个，由于在自然界中含量很多，氩是最早发现的稀有气体。化学性质极不活泼，但是已制得其化合物——氟氩化氢。氩不能燃烧，也不能助燃。氩的最早用途是向电灯泡内充气。焊接和切割金属也使用大量的氩。用作电弧焊接不锈钢、镁、铝和其他合金的保护气体，即氩弧焊。中文名氩外文名Argon熔 点-189.2 ℃沸 点-185.7 ℃外 观无色气体发现人瑞利、拉姆赛元素符号Ar原子量39.948原子序数18周 期第三周期族0族区p区电子排布[Ne]3s23p6目录1发现历史2物理性质3化学性质4主要用途发现历史播报编辑固态氩氩曾经在1785年由亨利·卡文迪什制备出来，但却没发现这是一种新的元素；直到1894年，约翰·威廉·斯特拉斯和苏格兰的化学家威廉·拉姆齐才通过实验确定氩是一种新元素。他们主要是先从空气样本中去除氧、二氧化碳、水汽等后得到的氮气与从氨分解出的氮气比较，结果发现从氨里分解出的氮气比从空气中得到的氮气轻1.5%。虽然这个差异很小，但是已经大到误差的范围之外。所以他们认为空气中应该含以一种不为人知的新气体，而那个新气体就是氩气。 [1]另外1882年H.F.纽厄尔和W.N.哈特莱从两个独立的实验中观测空气的颜色光谱时，发现光谱中存在已知元素光谱无法解释的谱线，但并没有意识到那就是氩气。由于在自然界中含量很多，氩是最早发现的稀有气体，它的符号为Ar（在1957年以前，它的符号为A）。 [2]氩的发现解释了为什么氮从空气中提取的密度不同于分解氨获取的。Ramsay在空气中提取的氩中移除了所有氮，由其和热的镁反应实现的，形成固态的氮化镁。他之后得到了一种不发生反应的气体，当他检查其光谱后，他看到了一组新的红色和绿色的线，从而确认了这是一种新的元素。瑞利勋爵19世纪末期，英国物理学家瑞利勋爵发现利用空气除杂制得的氮气和从氨制得的氮气的密度有大约是千分之一的差别。他在当时很有名望的英国《自然》杂志上发表了他的发现，并请大家帮他分析其中的原因。伦敦大学化学教授莱姆塞推断空气中的氮气里可能含有一种较重的未知气体。他们两人又各自做了大量的实验，终于发现了在空气中还存在一种密度几乎是氮气密度一倍半的未知气体。1894年8月13日，英国科学协会在牛津开会，瑞利作报告，根据马丹主席的建议，把新的气体叫做argon（希腊文意思就是“不工作”、“懒惰”）。元素符号Ar。当然，当时发现的氩，实际上是氩和其他惰性气体的混合气体，正是因为氩在空气中存在的惰性气体的含量占绝对优势，所以它作为惰性气体的代表被发现。氩的发现是从千分之一微小的差别开始的，是从小数点右边第三位数字的差别引起的，不少化学元素的发现，许多科学技术的发明创造，都是从这种微小的差别开始的。物理性质播报编辑氩在通常条件下为无色、无味气体。有24种同位素，40Ar、36Ar、38Ar是稳定的，其中40Ar占99.6%。氩通电之后发出红紫色的光。 [2]物理性质熔点-189.2℃沸点-185.7℃气体密度1.784g/L水中溶解度33.6cm3/L在大气中的含量0.934%化学性质播报编辑化学元素周期表零族（类）主族元素，符号Ar，原子序数18。化学性质极不活跃，一般不生成化合物，但可与水、氢醌等形成笼状化合物。 [3]氩的化学性质极其稳定，一般不与其它元素化合。至今仅在极端条件下制得唯一的氩化合物氟氩化氢（HArF）。这个氟、氢和氩的化合物在-265℃才能保持稳定。此外，氩还可以作为客体分子，与水形成包合物。除了以上基态的物质外，已经发现含氩的离子和激发态配合物（像ArH和ArF），而根据理论计算显示氩应该可以形成在室温下稳定的化合物，虽然还没有发现它们存在的线索。此外，2003年时有媒体报道ArF2的存在，但尚未证实。 [2]原子序数18原子量39.98原子半径1.54主要用途播报编辑氩气最主要的用处就是它的惰性，可以保护一些容易与周围物质发生反应的东西。虽然其他的惰性气体也有这些特性，但是氩气在空气中的含量最多，也是最容易取得，因此相对就比较便宜，具有经济效益。另外氩气便宜的原因还有它是制造液氧和液氮的副产品，而由于它们两个都是工业上重要的原料，生产很多，所以每年都有很多的液氩副产品。氩可用来制所谓氩灯。氩灯里填充的是纯氩气。这种灯光度较弱，耗电量低，比信号灯便宜。 [4]氩气常被注入灯泡内，因为氩即使在高温下也不会与灯丝发生化学作用，从而延长灯丝的寿命。在不锈钢、锰、铝、钛和其它特种金属电弧焊接时、钢铁生产时，氩也用作保护气体。 [2]在高温冶炼纯金属时，常用氩以防止氧化、氮化氢化等作用。在电弧焊接不锈钢、镁铝等时用作保护气体。由于它不易导热，也可用于充气灯泡。 [3]可用于灭火，用氩气灭火的好处是几乎不会破坏任何火场的物品，通常使在火场有特殊仪器时才使用，是用于感应耦合等离子的气体之一，保护成长中的硅晶体和锗晶体，这晶体主要用于半导体学。在博物馆里，会在一些重要文物的玻璃专柜里填充氩气，避免氧化。在酿酒的过程中，啤酒桶里的填充物，它可以把氧气置换，以避免啤酒桶里的原料被氧化成乙酸。在药学里，氩可以用于保护一些静脉内的治疗的药物，举个例子，像是对乙酰氨基酚。一样的，这也是防止药物受到氧气的破坏。用于冷却AIM-9响尾蛇导弹的追踪器，氩当时都是以高压储存，然后当释放气体后就可以带走一些热量。为石墨电熔炉中的保护气体，以免它被氧化。另外氩气的低传热率也是它的特性之一，像它可以作为隔热窗户中两层玻璃之间的填充物。因为它的低传热率和惰性，氩气在水肺潜水可以用来作为膨胀潜水衣的气体。氩气还可以在水肺中代替氮气（吸收纯氧对身体不好，因此水肺中要添加其他气体），因为氮气在高压下会溶进血液里而造成氮麻醉，氩气则可以减轻这种症状。使用特定的方法可以使氩气离子化并且发光，这种功能可用于等离子灯和粒子物理学中的能量器。以氩作成的氩雷射会发出蓝光，它在医学外科中可用于连接动脉、去除肿瘤和治疗眼睛的缺陷等。氩气还可以用于溅镀。另外氩-39有269年的半衰期，可以用于测定地下水和冰层的年龄，而钾-氩年代测定法适用钾-40衰变成氩-40的过程来用于测定火成岩的年龄。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000Argon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table
Argon
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Glossary
Allotropes
Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Each allotrope has different physical properties.
For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below.
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Argon
Discovery date
1894
Discovered by
Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay
Origin of the name
The name is derived from the Greek, 'argos', meaning idle.
Allotropes
-
Ar
Argon
18
39.95
Glossary
Group
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.
Period
A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.
Block
Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f).
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom.
Electron configuration
The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas.
Melting point
The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs.
Boiling point
The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs.
Sublimation
The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.
Density (g cm−3)
Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm3 at room temperature.
Relative atomic mass
The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
CAS number
The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems.
Fact box
Fact box
Group
18
Melting point
−189.34°C, −308.81°F, 83.81 K
Period
3
Boiling point
−185.848°C, −302.526°F, 87.302 K
Block
p
Density (g cm−3)
0.001633
Atomic number
18
Relative atomic mass
39.95
State at 20°C
Gas
Key isotopes
40Ar
Electron configuration
[Ne] 3s23p6
CAS number
7440-37-1
ChemSpider ID
22407
ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database
Glossary
Image explanation
Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. This is where the artist explains his interpretation of the element and the science behind the picture.
Appearance
The description of the element in its natural form.
Biological role
The role of the element in humans, animals and plants.
Natural abundance
Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially.
Uses and properties
Uses and properties
Image explanation
The image reflects the use of the element in the welding industry. Argon provides an inert atmosphere in which welded metals will not oxidise.
Appearance
Argon is a colourless, odourless gas that is totally inert to other substances.
Uses
Argon is often used when an inert atmosphere is needed. It is used in this way for the production of titanium and other reactive elements. It is also used by welders to protect the weld area and in incandescent light bulbs to stop oxygen from corroding the filament. Argon is used in fluorescent tubes and low-energy light bulbs. A low-energy light bulb often contains argon gas and mercury. When it is switched on an electric discharge passes through the gas, generating UV light. The coating on the inside surface of the bulb is activated by the UV light and it glows brightly. Double-glazed windows use argon to fill the space between the panes. The tyres of luxury cars can contain argon to protect the rubber and reduce road noise.
Biological role
Argon has no known biological role.
Natural abundance
Argon makes up 0.94% of the Earth’s atmosphere and is the third most abundant atmospheric gas. Levels have gradually increased since the Earth was formed because radioactive potassium-40 turns into argon as it decays. Argon is obtained commercially by the distillation of liquid air.
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History
History
Elements and Periodic Table History
Although argon is abundant in the Earth’s atmosphere, it evaded discovery until 1894 when Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay first separated it from liquid air. In fact the gas had been isolated in 1785 by Henry Cavendish who had noted that about 1% of air would not react even under the most extreme conditions. That 1% was argon.Argon was discovered as a result of trying to explain why the density of nitrogen extracted from air differed from that obtained by the decomposition of ammonia. Ramsay removed all the nitrogen from the gas he had extracted from air, and did this by reacting it with hot magnesium, forming the solid magnesium nitride. He was then left with a gas that would not react and when he examined its spectrum he saw new groups of red and green lines, confirming that it was a new element.
Glossary
Atomic radius, non-bonded
Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. These values were determined using several different methods.
Covalent radiusHalf of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination.
Electron affinityThe energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed.
Electronegativity (Pauling scale)The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale.
First ionisation energyThe minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state.
Atomic data
Atomic data
Atomic radius, non-bonded (Å)
1.88
Covalent radius (Å)
1.01
Electron affinity (kJ mol−1)
Not stable
Electronegativity (Pauling scale)
Unknown
Ionisation energies (kJ mol−1)
1st
1520.571
2nd
2665.857
3rd
3930.81
4th
5770.79
5th
7238.33
6th
8781.034
7th
11995.347
8th
13841.79
Glossary
Common oxidation states
The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. It is defined as being the charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. The sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Key for isotopes
Half life
y
years
d
days
h
hours
m
minutes
s
seconds
Mode of decay
α
alpha particle emission
β
negative beta (electron) emission
β+
positron emission
EC
orbital electron capture
sf
spontaneous fission
ββ
double beta emission
ECEC
double orbital electron capture
Oxidation states and isotopes
Oxidation states and isotopes
Common oxidation states
Isotopes
Isotope
Atomic mass
Natural abundance (%)
Half life
Mode of decay
36Ar
35.968
0.3336
-
-
38Ar
37.963
0.0629
-
-
40Ar
39.962
99.6035
-
-
Glossary
Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey.
Relative supply risk
An integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores.
Crustal abundance (ppm)
The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth’s crust.
Recycling rate
The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply.
Substitutability
The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity.
High = substitution not possible or very difficult.
Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact
Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact
Production concentration
The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply.
Reserve distribution
The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply.
Political stability of top producer
A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
Political stability of top reserve holder
A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
Supply risk
Supply risk
Relative supply risk
Unknown
Crustal abundance (ppm)
3.5
Recycling rate (%)
Unknown
Substitutability
Unknown
Production concentration (%)
Unknown
Reserve distribution (%)
Unknown
Top 3 producers
Unknown
Top 3 reserve holders
Unknown
Political stability of top producer
Unknown
Political stability of top reserve holder
Unknown
Glossary
Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)
Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K.
Young's modulus
A measure of the stiffness of a substance. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain.
Shear modulus
A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain.
Bulk modulus
A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume.
Vapour pressure
A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system.
Pressure and temperature data – advanced
Pressure and temperature data – advanced
Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)
520
Young's modulus (GPa)
Unknown
Shear modulus (GPa)
Unknown
Bulk modulus (GPa)
Unknown
Vapour pressure
Temperature (K)
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
Pressure (Pa)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Podcasts
Podcasts
Listen to Argon Podcast
Transcript :
Chemistry in its element: argon (Promo)You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World, the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry.(End promo)Chris SmithHello, this week the element that's so indolent that scientists at one time thought it wouldn't react with anything, but in the chemical world laziness can have its advantages especially if it's super quiet car tyres or a safe chemical with which to pump up your diving suit that you're after. Here's John Emsley.John EmsleyIt's lazy, it's hard-working, it's colourless, it's colourful - it's argon!Argon's name comes from the Greek word argos meaning lazy and indeed for more than a hundred years after its discovery chemists were unable to get it to combine with any other elements. But in the year 2000, chemists at the University of Helsinki led by Markku Räsänen announced the first ever compound: argon fluorohydride. They made it by condensing a mixture of argon and hydrogen fluoride on to caesium iodide at -265oC and exposing it to UV light. On warming above just -246oC it reverted right back to argon and hydrogen fluoride. And no other process has ever induced argon to react - [a truly lazy element]. There are 50 trillion tonnes of argon swirling around in the Earth's atmosphere and this has slowly built-up over billions of years, almost all coming from the decay of the radioactive isotope potassium-40 which has a half-life of 12.7 billion years. Although argon makes up 0.93% of the atmosphere it evaded discovery until 1894 when the physicist Lord Rayleigh and the chemist William Ramsay identified it. In 1904 Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize for Physics and Ramsay won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their work. The story of its discovery started when Rayleigh found that the nitrogen extracted from the air had a higher density than that made by decomposing ammonia. The difference was small but real. Ramsay wrote to Rayleigh suggesting that he should look for a heavier gas in the nitrogen got from air, while Rayleigh should look for a lighter gas in that from ammonia. Ramsay removed all the nitrogen from his sample by repeatedly passing it over heated magnesium, with which nitrogen reacts to form magnesium nitride. He was left with one percent which would not react and found it was denser than nitrogen. Its atomic spectrum showed new red and green lines, confirming it a new element. Although in fact it contained traces of the other noble gases as well.Argon was first isolated in 1785 in Clapham, South London, by Henry Cavendish. He had passed electric sparks through air and absorbed the gases which formed, but he was puzzled that there remained an unreactive 1%. He didn't realise that he had stumbled on a new gaseous element. Most argon goes to making steel where it is blown through the molten iron, along with oxygen. Argon does the stirring while the oxygen removes carbon as carbon dioxide. It is also used when air must be excluded to prevent oxidation of hot metals, as in welding aluminium and the production of titanium to exclude air. Welding aluminium is done with an electric arc which requires a flow of argon of at 10-20 litres per minute. Atomic energy fuel elements are protected with an argon atmosphere during refining and reprocessing.The ultra-fine metal powders needed to make alloys are produced by directing a jet of liquid argon at a jet of the molten metal. Some smelters prevent toxic metal dusts from escaping to the environment by venting them through an argon plasma torch. In this, argon atoms are electrically charged to reach temperatures of 10 000 °C and the toxic dust particles passing through it are turned into to a blob of molten scrap.For a gas that is chemically lazy argon has proved to be eminently employable. Illuminated signs glow blue if they contain argon and bright blue if a little mercury vapour is also present. Double glazing is even more efficient if the gap between the two panes of glass is filled with argon rather than just air because argon is a poorer conductor of heat. Thermal conductivity of argon at room temperature (300 K) is 17.72 mW m-1K-1 (milliWatts per metre per degree) whereas for air it is 26 mW m-1K-1.For the same reason argon is used to inflate diving suits. Old documents and other things that are susceptible to oxidation can be protected by being stored in an atmosphere of argon. Blue argon lasers are used in surgery to weld arteries, destroy tumors and correct eye defects.The most exotic use of argon is in the tyres of luxury cars. Not only does it protect the rubber from attack by oxygen, but it ensures less tyre noise when the car is moving at speed. Laziness can prove useful in the case of this element. Its high tech uses range from double glazing and laser eye surgery to putting your name in lights.Chris SmithJohn Emsley unlocking the secrets of the heavier than air noble gas argon. Next week, would you marry this man? Steve MylonIt's almost never the case where the popular elements are that way because of their utility and interesting chemistry. But for gold and silver it's all so superficial. They are more popular because they're prettier. My wife for example, a non chemist, wouldn't dream of wearing a copper wedding ring. That might have something to do with the fact that copper oxide has an annoying habit of dyeing your skin green. But if she only took the time to learn about copper, to get to know it some; maybe then she would be likely to turn her back on the others and wear it with pride. Chris SmithSteve Mylon's back to cross your palm with copper on next week's Chemistry in its Element, I hope you can join us. I'm Chris Smith, thank you for listening and goodbye. (Promo)Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by thenakedscientists.com. There's more information and other episodes of Chemistry in its element on our website at chemistryworld.org/elements.(End promo)
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References
References
Visual Elements images and videos© Murray Robertson 1998-2017. DataW. M. Haynes, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 95th Edition, Internet Version 2015, accessed December 2014.
Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, Kaye & Laby Online, 16th edition, 1995. Version 1.0 (2005), accessed December 2014.
J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab, J. J. Tsai, and R. A. Dragoset, Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 4.1), 2015, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, accessed November 2016.
T. L. Cottrell, The Strengths of Chemical Bonds, Butterworth, London, 1954. Uses and propertiesJohn Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, It’s Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014.
Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. Supply risk dataDerived in part from material provided by the British Geological Survey © NERC. History textElements 1-112, 114, 116 and 117 © John Emsley 2012. Elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 © Royal Society of Chemistry 2017. PodcastsProduced by The Naked Scientists. Periodic Table of Videos
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GitHub - solstice23/argon-theme: Argon - 一个轻盈、简洁的 WordPress 主题
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Argon-Theme
Argon - 轻盈、简洁、美观的 WordPress 主题
Hexo 版本 : github.com/solstice23/hexo-theme-argon
状态
重构初步完成，1.x 版本将冻结开发，PR 请提交到 dev 分支。后续将逐渐重构前端代码。
特性
轻盈美观 - 使用 Argon Design System 前端框架，细节精致，轻盈美观
高度可定制化 - 可自定义主题色、布局(双栏/单栏/三栏)、顶栏、侧栏、Banner、背景图、日夜间模式不同背景、背景沉浸、浮动操作按钮等，提供了丰富的自定义选项
夜间模式 - 支持日间、夜间、纯黑三种模式，并可以根据时间自动切换或跟随系统夜间模式
功能繁多 - Tag 和分类统计、作者链接、额外链接、文章字数和预计阅读时间、文章过时信息显示
Pjax - 支持 Pjax 无刷新加载，提高浏览体验
友情链接 - 支持使用 Wordpress 自带的链接管理器进行友链管理，支持多种友链样式
"说说" 功能 - 随时发表想法，并在专门的 "说说" 页面展示，也支持说说和首页文章穿插
评论功能扩展 - Ajax 评论，评论支持 Markdown、验证码、再次编辑、显示 UA、悄悄话模式、回复时邮件通知、查看编辑记录、无限加载等功能
诸多功能 - 文章目录、阅读进度、Mathjax 或 Katex 公式解析、图片放大预览、Pangu.js 文本格式化、平滑滚动等
丰富的短代码 - 支持通过短代码在文章中插入 TODO、标签、警告、提示、折叠区块、Github 信息卡、时间线、隐藏文本、视频等模块
适配 Gutenberg 编辑器 - 支持使用 Gutenberg 编辑器可视化插入区块
多语言 - 支持中文、英文、俄文等语言
其他 - 自适应、精心优化的文章阅读界面 CSS、可切换衬线/非衬线字体、可自定义 CSS 和 JS、支持使用 CDN 加速静态文件访问、SEO 友好、Banner 打字动画、留言板页面、文章脚注等
安装
在 Release 页面下载 .zip 文件，在 WordPress 后台 "主题" 页面上传并安装。
文档
Argon-Theme 文档 : https://argon-docs.solstice23.top
Demo / 用户墙
solstice23.top
argon-demo.solstice23.top
前往 Argon 用户墙 查看更多博客的主题效果。
注意
Argon 使用 GPL V3.0 协议开源，请遵守此协议进行二次开发等。
您必须在页脚保留 Argon 主题的名称及其链接，否则请不要使用 Argon 主题。
您可以删除页脚的作者信息，但是不能删除 Argon 主题的名称和链接。
渲染
Telegram 频道
t.me/argontheme
自动推送更新消息以及其他关于 Argon 的消息
更新日志
20220319 v1.3.5
支持自定义 CDN 域名
支持读取 Post Views Counter 插件的阅读量数据
修复未审核评论被显示的问题
修复评论分页问题
其他改进与修复
20220214 v1.3.4
支持自定义搜索过滤器顺序和默认选中状态
支持添加自定义文章类型的搜索过滤器
修复代码块样式问题
其他改进与修复
20220211 v1.3.3
新增 后台管理界面美化 (在"用户-个人资料-管理界面配色方案" 或 "Argon设置-杂项" 中开启)
新增 CF Worker 更新源，移除 jsdelivr 更新源
支持短代码嵌套
修复多站点下无法编辑主题设置的问题
其他改进与修复
20220207 v1.3.2
使评论区第一页填满评论（评论分页方式为无限加载时）
新增 argon_html_before_wordcount Filter
修复代码块溢出边界的问题
优化代码块控制栏可见性
修复评论排序问题
其他改进与修复
20220205 v1.3.1
新增 评论置顶 功能（需要在选项中开启）
子评论支持显示被回复者昵称
同步 Highlight.js 高亮方案
其他改进与修复
20220203 v1.3.0
新增 气氛色 选项：主题色全局沉浸（类似 Material You）
新增 argon_comment_extra_info filter
代码块行号默认不透明
修复首页排除文章和 Tag 选项不生效的 Bug
修复友情链接页面显示错误
修复评论区表单验证问题
修复 session 干扰 REST API 回环问题
修复开启衬线字体后代码块显示问题
修复后台媒体库不能搜索问题
其他改进与修复
20220106 v1.2.10
新增通过 Ajax 获取验证码以绕过 CDN 缓存选项
说说预览显示赞数和评论数，优化折叠样式
修复编辑器某些功能的失效
修复评论提醒邮件格式错误
修复 Pangu.js 某些页面不应用
修复搜索结果切换筛选器后页数不重置
修复搜索结果说说预览图片不显示问题
修复 Pjax 右侧栏不刷新的问题
繁体中文翻译修正
UI 细节修复与调整
其他修复与改进
20211205 v1.2.9
增加搜索过滤器（支持搜索说说）
支持折叠过长说说
修改单篇文章过时信息显示时不覆盖最后编辑时间
其他修复与改进
20211121 v1.2.8
完善文章字数统计，新增代码行数统计和时间计算
修复字数统计问题
新增 "站点概览额外内容" 工具栏
加密文章输入密码前不获取第一张图片作为头图
修复单栏下顶栏不自动折叠的问题
修复 UI 瑕疵
其他修复与改进
20211024 v1.2.7
适配侧栏 Wordpress 归档日历
站点概览增加作者个人介绍选项
增加 AHCDN (#284)
增加 2 个 Filter (404 页面额外 HTML、Banner 标题 HTML)
归档时间轴页面增加对应年月链接
其他修复与改进
20211001 v1.2.6
优化归档时间轴页面，支持按月分节，支持左侧栏跳转和目录
适配区块左侧栏，文字头像支持全局
优化全屏封面时浮动操作栏、Pjax 等体验
Url Hash 指向的评论突出显示
优化滚动动画曲线
修复 Session 初始化问题
其他微调和修复
20210905 v1.2.5
滚动条沉浸
Banner 显示状态新增全屏选项（Banner 可全屏作为封面）
更正翻译
20210815 v1.2.4
新增 Banner 显示状态选项（新增隐藏 Banner、迷你 Banner）
新增顶栏显示状态选项 （新增顶栏不随页面滚动）
新增顶栏毛玻璃选项
优化单栏布局
修复瀑布流图片加载后排版问题
修复瀑布流布局显示错位
修复头图 Lazyload 的 BUG
20210810 v1.2.3
新增文章列表瀑布流布局
修复代码不折行的 BUG
博客副标题加入打字动画
修复标题打字动画结束后光标瞬间闪烁问题、打字动画中止问题
修复未填写邮箱时文字头像显示错误
修复夜间模式下代码块显示问题
修复夜间模式评论点赞后不显示
20210804 v1.2.2
新增评论点赞功能
增加一种文章列表卡片样式
改进阅读进度浮动按钮显示逻辑
修复 "Tab 面板" Gutenberg 组件有概率无法切换的 BUG
修复夜间模式背景不切换的 BUG
其他修复与改进
20210803 v1.2.1
增加 "Tab 面板" Gutenberg 区块
修复夜间模式的显示问题
修复 Gutenberg 编辑器区块图标不显示的问题
新增页面背景 Filter
20210724 v1.2.0
适配 Gutenberg 编辑器，支持通过编辑器可视化插入提示、警告、折叠块、时间线、Todo List 等区块
增加文章过时信息单独设置选项
更改夜间模式选择文字时的背景色
增加文章预览截取字数选项
修复与 Gutenberg 编辑器的兼容问题
其他小改动
20210706 v1.1.9
增加一种文章列表卡片样式
新增若干 Filters
修复 Gutenberg 编辑器区块的显示错误问题
支持 og-image Meta
其他 BUG 修复
20210508 v1.1.8
代码高亮增加更多默认选项
新增若干 Filters
修复相似文章 UI 细节问题
修复说说显示错误
侧栏 分类/Tag 隐藏 空分类/Tag
允许隐藏顶栏标题
修复访问统计问题
修复与 Live2D 与 Code Syntax Block 插件的兼容问题
其他 BUG 修复
20210219 v1.1.7
修复 Mathjax v2 Pjax 加载后不渲染问题
修复字数统计错误问题
更改文末推荐文章列表样式
分享功能支持只显示国内/国外/全部社交媒体
20210208 v1.1.6
修复代码行数显示错误
修复 RSS 问题
修复 REST API 错误
完善翻译
修复一些显示问题
更新 版本号
20201220 v1.1.5
文章目录聚焦时会自动滚动
适配 PHP 8
修复评论文字头像加载错误问题
修复错误
20201114 v1.1.4
修复脚注重复的问题
新增对重复脚注的处理
新增代码高亮方案
更新 Highlight.js 到 v10.4.0
20201114 v1.1.3
支持脚注短代码 (ref)
修复文章字数统计错误
修复文章目录跳转问题
修复验证码问题
UI 微调和其他改进
20201025 v1.1.2
回滚 HTML Parse 代码
修复 Fancybox 导致的一系列显示错误问题
合并移动端割裂的 UI
增加禁用 Google 字体选项
修复关闭 Lazyload 时首页文章头图无法加载的问题
20201024 v1.1.1
修复 Fancybox 可能会出现的 HTML Tag 提前闭合问题
20201018 v1.1.0
图片缩放预览库由 Zoomify 更换为 Fancybox (仍保留 Zoomify 选项)
优化评论区图片体验
修复特定屏幕尺寸下侧栏边距问题
其他优化
20201005 v1.0.4
修复手机版顶栏折叠菜单图标间距问题
设置页增加快速回顶和回底按钮
20200920 v1.0.3
修复评论回复和 Pjax 冲突
博主登录后自动填充加密文章密码
20200830 v1.0.2
增加 双栏(反转) 页面布局
修复和优化文章字数统计
20200824 v1.0.1
增加 "评论文字头像" 选项（为无头像评论者生成一个纯色文字头像）
Github 短代码新增 Mini 尺寸
20200823 v1.0.0
正式版
20200821 v0.999.beta.8
优化字数统计和预计阅读时间计算方法，中英文分别统计，并排除代码块
新增 "文章内标题样式" 选项
修复一些代码错误
评论区中表情支持放大查看
夜间模式细节优化
修复手机表情键盘溢出屏幕问题
优化 UI 细节
20200819 v0.999.beta.7
修复 WP Super Cache 和 Argon 不兼容的问题
优化左侧栏 "功能" Tab 样式
增加推荐相似文章数量选项
20200819 v0.999.beta.6
移除 V2EX Gravatar CDN 选项
增加自定义 Gravatar CDN 选项
修复 Lazyload 加载不出的 BUG
优化无头像的友情链接的显示
修复首页说说中的视频的显示问题
优化侧栏过长 Link 的显示
20200818 v0.999.beta.5
增加 "相似文章推荐" 选项
修复文章第一张图片无法作为头图的 BUG
修复文章修改时间显示错误的问题
优化赞赏二维码显示尺寸
20200817 v0.999.beta.4
增加文末附加信息选项
表情键盘支持长按预览表情
修复 Emoji 和部分表情无法输入的问题
修复回复评论时显示错误的 BUG
20200813 v0.999.beta.3
修复较深颜色作为主题色时夜间模式下的对比度问题
修复文章中 WP 引用卡片溢出问题
修复小屏幕时评论区显示重叠问题
20200812 v0.999.beta.2
评论支持发表情
增加评论区表情键盘
文章头图支持 Lazyload
修复 Lazyload 重复加载问题
修复 Wordpress 5.0 以下的兼容性问题
20200809 v0.999.beta.1
更换 Pjax 方案为 jquery-pjax 魔改后的版本 jquery-pjax-plus
解决 Pjax 一些兼容性问题，修复之前 Pjax 后退定位的 BUG
支持滚动时自动折叠顶栏（新增该设置项）
其他一些优化
20200807 v0.994
支持将文章中第一张图片设为头图，支持每篇文章单独设置和跟随全局
更改评论区 Markdown 图片解析逻辑，增强兼容性
20200806 v0.993
增加繁体中文翻译
20200805 v0.992
Add Russian Translation (By ostiwe)
增加俄文翻译
20200801 v0.991
修复 more 标签字数统计错误的问题
完善英文翻译
其他一些修改
20200729 v0.990
Add English Translation
完善英文翻译
20200728 v0.980
Add English Translation (Unfinished)
增加英文翻译（未完成）
修复图片组第一张图片加载不出的 BUG
修复折叠块中图片 Lazyload 不自动加载的 BUG
其他修改
20200713 v0.971
修 BUG
20200713 v0.970
文章 Meta 信息支持自定义是否显示和顺序
增加 fastgit 更新源
修 BUG
其他一堆更改记不清了
20200613 v0.962.1
修复折叠后评论未适配夜间模式问题
20200601 v0.962
增加过长评论自动折叠选项
修改 Lazyload、Zoomify 等的初始化方式（不再以 script 标签内联在文章中）
20200521 v0.961
新增首页隐藏特定分类文章选项
新增文章 Meta 显示作者选项
优化分类、标签和文章中的 SEO Keywords
其他小改进
20200518 v0.960
新增三栏布局模式
20200517 v0.958
评论区时间显示实时更新
优化评论区时间格式
修复判断文章是否需要目录错误的 BUG
20200511 v0.957.1
修 BUG
20200511 v0.957
支持给每篇文章插入自定义 CSS
修 BUG
20200509 v0.956.1
修复首页说说图片宽度溢出的问题
20200509 v0.956
修复首页显示的说说不显示图片的 BUG
修复夜间模式切换的一个 BUG
20200503 v0.955
404 页适配夜间模式和暗黑模式
侧栏菜单适配新标签页打开选项
支持可选的加密文章密码提示 (新建名为 password_hint 的 Meta 项)
修复说说标题过长溢出问题
20200501 v0.954
增加 "美化登录界面" 选项 (Wordpress 登录界面 Argon Design 化)
修复 QQ 号获取的头像在后台显示异常问题
20200429 v0.953
增加评论根据 QQ 号获取头像选项
修复单行代码高亮的复制等问题
修复代码块复制错误的 BUG
调整代码块过大的边距
20200425 v0.951
经典编辑器中增加插入代码块按钮和短代码快捷按钮
优化代码高亮
适配图片说明
20200424 v0.950
内置 Highlight.js 代码高亮
Mac 风格
支持行号
支持复制代码、切换行号显示、切换自动折行、全屏
20200418 v0.944
增加默认字体选项
增加默认阴影大小选项
修复文章过时信息时差问题
20200413 v0.943.1
修复 Pjax 的一个问题
20200412 v0.943
增加归档时间轴页面模板
侧栏格言支持调用一言 API
增加对 Wordpress 子目录安装方式的兼容性适配选项
修复和 Prism.js 的一个兼容性问题
修复侧栏图标不对齐问题
20200411 v0.941
修复评论 UA 图标错误的 BUG
修复评论编辑历史记录显示错误的 BUG
20200409 v0.940
新增评论区 UA 显示选项
新增 Katex 数学解析方案
20200407 v0.931
修复新旧版本 Parsedown 类库冲突的问题
修复小 BUG
20200405 v0.930
左侧栏顶部菜单支持无限层级嵌套子菜单
20200404 v0.925
Github 短代码增加可选的后端获取模式
修复 "暗化" 滤镜不生效的问题
20200403 v0.924
修复顶栏菜单 "在新标签页打开" 选项不生效的 BUG
20200401 v0.923
修复设置顶栏图标后手机端排版的问题
20200331 v0.922
修复评论编辑历史记录时间显示错误的问题
20200330 v0.921
修复评论编辑历史记录的 BUG
优化搜索逻辑
20200330 v0.920
增加查看评论编辑历史记录功能
增加 "谁可以查看评论编辑记录" 选项
赞赏二维码弹框移到赞赏按钮上方
修复分类中文章总数统计错误的 BUG
20200326 v0.914
修复评论相关的一些小 BUG
20200325 v0.913
夜间模式时间调整 (21:00 改为 22:00)
修复小问题
20200324 v0.912
增加 Pangu.js 文本格式化选项
需要密码的文章支持 Ajax 加载
20200323 v0.911
增加单栏模式
20200322 v0.910
评论区支持分页
新增 "无限加载" 和 "页码" 两种评论分页方式
重写评论模块代码
评论发送后改为局部刷新评论区
优化评论/编辑体验
优化其他一堆细节
20200321 v0.902
新增新的友情链接短代码
友情链接改为从 Wordpress 链接管理器中读取
启用 Wordpress 链接管理器
旧的友情链接短代码改名为 sfriendlinks
评论会自动填充上一次的姓名、邮箱、网站输入框的内容
增加 "评论时默认勾选 '启用邮件通知'' 复选框" 选项
文章设置新增 "隐藏文章发布时间和分类" 选项
更改说说文章页面 URL
⚠ 在该版本中，友情链接改为从 Wordpress 链接管理器中读取。请将友情链接迁移至 Wordpress 链接管理器中，或将原先的友链短代码改为 sfriendlinks。
20200319 v0.901
评论通知邮件支持退订
优化评论通知发送邮件逻辑
评论 Markdown 增加对标题、有序列表和无序列表的支持
手机端 UI 微调
优化手机端交互体验微调
修了评论的一堆 BUG
20200318 v0.900
评论允许发送者再次编辑（可选）
评论增加悄悄话模式（可选）
评论增加回复时邮件通知模式（可选）
优化文章访问量统计逻辑
其他的一些优化和调整
20200315 v0.891
修 BUG
20200315 v0.890
Argon 设置增加 导入/导出 功能
新增日间/夜间模式不同背景选项
新增 Banner 标题打字动画选项
增加 jsdelivr 更新源
修复一个重大 BUG
20200314 v0.885
新增文章过时信息提示选项
增加在浮动按钮栏显示跳到评论区按钮选项
增加 Banner 遮罩和 Banner 标题阴影选项
修复手机上的一系列小问题
略微优化后台设置界面
20200310 v0.884
增加夜间模式的另一种配色: 暗黑 (AMOLED Black)
修复夜间模式相关的 BUG
20200309 v0.883
修复过渡动画的一个问题
20200309 v0.882
修复首页显示说说选项开启后，置顶文章不能正常显示的 BUG
20200309 v0.881
修 BUG
20200309 v0.880
增加夜间模式切换方案 (默认日间/默认夜间/跟随系统自动切换/根据时间自动切换)
优化性能
修 BUG
20200308 v0.873
优化侧栏的搜索体验
修复 Safari 上的渲染问题
20200306 v0.872
修复 Safari 上的一系列显示问题
修复点击导航栏时高度跳动的 BUG
略微优化性能
20200306 v0.871
BUG 修复
20200306 v0.870
优化顶栏搜索体验，将搜索框嵌入导航栏中，同时搜索支持 Pjax
增加首页文章和说说同时显示的选项
修复 Safari 上的一个性能问题
增加评论禁用 Markdown 选项
优化手机端阅读体验
手机端浮动按钮增加透明度
修复偶现的 Tooltip 乱码问题
修复手机点击导航栏链接菜单不会自动关闭的问题
修复其他小问题
20200303 v0.860
编辑文章界面侧栏增加 "隐藏字数及阅读时间提示 Meta 信息" 选项
优化夜间模式相关逻辑
修复赞赏二维码的显示和过渡动画问题
增加禁用 Pjax 选项
修复 BUG
20200229 v0.852
友情链接短代码增加随机顺序可选参数
20200228 v0.851
修复手机端侧栏的一系列问题
优化开启公告时手机端的显示效果
优化手机端评论区的阅读体验
增加 noshortcode 短代码
优化浮动操作按钮菜单中恢复默认圆角大小按钮的提示
20200225 v0.850
Argon 选项中增加自定义默认卡片圆角大小设置
浮动操作按钮菜单中增加了自定义圆角大小滑块
优化评论区图片打开的动画曲线
微调 UI 细节
修复代码块和某些插件样式冲突的问题
20200223 v0.845
修复以前手滑遗留的在新标签页打开问题
20200222 v0.844
默认显示页脚作者信息，在 Argon 设置中增加了隐藏页脚作者信息的选项
20200222 v0.843
修复顶栏二级菜单点击时菜单项高度跳动的 BUG
细节修复
删除页脚作者信息，只保留主题名称和链接
20200219 v0.842
添加 Mathjax 2，现在有 Mathjax 3 和 2 两个版本可以选择
20200217 v0.841
增加 "留言板" 页面模板
修复浮动操作按钮与 Font Awesome 5 的类名冲突兼容问题
修复夜间模式的一个小 BUG
进一步完善 Pjax 逻辑
20200215 v0.840
修复开启 "评论作者必须填入姓名和电子邮件地址" 选项后未填写名称无法发送评论的错误
增加隐藏发送评论区中 "作者名称"、"邮件"、"网站" 输入框的选项
增加禁用评论验证码的选项
修复 Pjax 的几个 BUG
完善 Pjax 逻辑，实现了近乎完美的 Pjax 体验
增加 "博客 Banner 副标题" 设置选项，显示在 Banner 标题下方
优化手机端有头图的博文的显示效果
修复暗色滤镜与背景冲突的 BUG
完善了手机端夜间模式的适配
加入 "暂停更新" 选项，位于 "检测更新源" 选项中
加入了 "博文发布时间"、"博文最后修改时间" 短代码
一系列微调和优化
20200210 v0.830
增加评论区 Markdown 支持
优化夜间模式在页面刚载入时的体验
20200206 v0.820
增加博客背景图片设置选项
增加 沉浸式 Banner (透明) 和 毛玻璃 Banner 选项 来增强背景图片的显示效果
20200205 v0.810
BUG 修复
20200128 v0.800
大幅提升前端加载速度
SEO 优化
增加 SEO Description Meta 标签和 Keywords Meta 标签设置选项
增强页面可访问性，优化无障碍体验
修复一些问题
针对打印进行优化
20200125 v0.703
Github 用户名更换适配
20200125 v0.702
修复图片全屏预览选项关闭后无效的 BUG
20200123 v0.701
修复不显示自定义主题色选择器时 js 的执行错误
20200123 v0.700
增加前端自定义主题色功能（用户在浮动操作按钮博客设置菜单中可自定义主题色）
问题修复
20200121 v0.610
重构切换主题功能
修复 CSS 的一堆问题
修复 Pjax 带 target="blank" 属性的 a 标签在本页打开的问题
一些小改进
20200116 v0.601
进一步适配主题色 (如滚动条颜色，a 标签下划线颜色等)
20200116 v0.600
增加博客主题色选项，可自定义主题色
增加 SEO Meta 标签
修复 Pjax 的一个 BUG
20200105 v0.597
修复之前没发现的一个无关紧要的小问题
20200104
更改协议为 GPL V3.0
20191231 v0.596
修复设置界面的小问题
20191221 v0.595
平滑滚动增加脉冲式滚动的选项 (Edge 式滚动)
20191216 v0.594
Argon 后台设置增加浮动目录
增加文章目录显示序号选项
修复左侧栏 Tab 的显示问题
修复左侧栏浮动时在特定屏幕尺寸下的显示问题
20191214 v0.593
博客设置增加阴影选项
修复界面的一些问题
修复其他的一些小问题
升级 Argon 框架到 1.1.0 版本
20191214 v0.592
加入博客设置功能
位于浮动操作按钮栏
设置选项：夜间模式、字体（衬线/无衬线）、页面滤镜
默认关闭浮动操作按钮栏的夜间模式切换按钮（与设置菜单中重复），可以在 Argon 设置中手动开启
微调 CSS
其他小改动
20191204 v0.591
增加进入文章过渡动画选项（测试）
20191111 v0.590
增加博客公告功能
20191107 v0.582
修复未开启 Mathjax 选项时 Pjax 错误的问题
20191104 v0.581
支持切换主题更新源
修复 CSS 一个小问题
20191104 v0.58
优化设置页面
修复评论框高度错误问题
20191029 v0.57
增加 题图(特色图片) 的支持
20191026 v0.56
提升 Mathjax 版本到 3.0
更换默认 Mathjax CDN
允许自定义 Mathjax CDN
修复由于 Mathjax 文件未加载成功导致 Pjax 错误的问题
20191023 v0.55
修复手机端侧栏的小问题
提升后台管理中"Argon 主题选项"菜单层级
采用新的检测更新库，修复更新问题
其他细节调整
20191017 v0.54
修改手机端侧栏效果
合并 CSS 文件
细节微调
修改加密博客阅读量统计逻辑
20191014 v0.53
增加赞赏二维码选项
增加视频短代码
修改 Pjax 逻辑
增加首页文章浏览不显示短代码选项
修复夜间模式的一个小问题
20191013 v0.52
增加安装统计
增加时区修复
20191012 v0.51
"说说"增加点赞功能
微调弹出提示的样式
20191010 v0.5
增加 "说说" 功能
增加 Github Repo 信息短代码
细节修改
20190923 v0.4
如果某个菜单没配置，会默认隐藏，不再会影响观感
修复了检测更新的一个问题
增加"隐藏文字"短代码，在鼠标移上时才会显示
修复图片放大模糊的问题
Banner 支持必应每日一图
适配 Android Chrome Toolbar 颜色
待审核评论会打上标签提示发送者
修复 Pjax 加载后评论框大小不随内容调整的 BUG
夜间模式全屏放大图片图片颜色不会变暗了
修复了 CSS 的一些问题
修复其他一些小问题
20190907 v0.31
修复调试时遗留下来的一个 BUG
20190904 v0.3
Pjax 加载时替换 WordPress Adminbar
修复后台评论提示验证码错误问题
手机减小文章页面 margin
Pjax 加载逻辑修改
博主评论免验证码
20190829 v0.2
修复一些 BUG
checkbox 增加可选的 inline 属性
针对 Wordpress 管理条进行处理
修复夜间模式的一些问题
修改一些细节
捐赠
如果你觉得 Argon 主题不错，可以请我一杯咖啡来支持我的开发。
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Argon - 一个轻盈、简洁的 WordPress 主题
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argon
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chemical element
noble gas
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argon-40
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argon (Ar), chemical element, inert gas of Group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table, terrestrially the most abundant and industrially the most frequently used of the noble gases. Colourless, odourless, and tasteless, argon gas was isolated (1894) from air by the British scientists Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay. Henry Cavendish, while investigating atmospheric nitrogen (“phlogisticated air”), had concluded in 1785 that not more than 1/120 part of the nitrogen might be some inert constituent. His work was forgotten until Lord Rayleigh, more than a century later, found that nitrogen prepared by removing oxygen from air is always about 0.5 percent more dense than nitrogen derived from chemical sources such as ammonia. The heavier gas remaining after both oxygen and nitrogen had been removed from air was the first of the noble gases to be discovered on Earth and was named after the Greek word argos, “lazy,” because of its chemical inertness. (Helium had been spectroscopically detected in the Sun in 1868.)In cosmic abundance, argon ranks approximately 12th among the chemical elements. Argon constitutes 1.288 percent of the atmosphere by weight and 0.934 percent by volume and is found occluded in rocks. Although the stable isotopes argon-36 and argon-38 make up all but a trace of this element in the universe, the third stable isotope, argon-40, makes up 99.60 percent of the argon found on Earth. (Argon-36 and argon-38 make up 0.34 and 0.06 percent of Earth’s argon, respectively.) A major portion of terrestrial argon has been produced, since the Earth’s formation, in potassium-containing minerals by decay of the rare, naturally radioactive isotope potassium-40. The gas slowly leaks into the atmosphere from the rocks in which it is still being formed. The production of argon-40 from potassium-40 decay is utilized as a means of determining Earth’s age (potassium-argon dating).
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Argon is isolated on a large scale by the fractional distillation of liquid air. It is used in gas-filled electric light bulbs, radio tubes, and Geiger counters. It also is widely utilized as an inert atmosphere for arc-welding metals, such as aluminum and stainless steel; for the production and fabrication of metals, such as titanium, zirconium, and uranium; and for growing crystals of semiconductors, such as silicon and germanium.Argon gas condenses to a colourless liquid at −185.8 °C (−302.4 °F) and to a crystalline solid at −189.4 °C (−308.9 °F). The gas cannot be liquefied by pressure above a temperature of −122.3 °C (−188.1 °F), and at this point a pressure of at least 48 atmospheres is required to make it liquefy. At 12 °C (53.6 °F), 3.94 volumes of argon gas dissolve in 100 volumes of water. An electric discharge through argon at low pressure appears pale red and at high pressure, steely blue.
The outermost (valence) shell of argon has eight electrons, making it exceedingly stable and, thus, chemically inert. Argon atoms do not combine with one another; nor have they been observed to combine chemically with atoms of any other element. Argon atoms have been trapped mechanically in cagelike cavities among molecules of other substances, as in crystals of ice or the organic compound hydroquinone (called argon clathrates).
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Element Propertiesatomic number18atomic weight[39.792, 39.963]melting point−189.2 °C (−308.6 °F)boiling point−185.7 °C (−302.3 °F)density (1 atm, 0° C)1.784 g/litreoxidation state0electron config.1s22s22p63s23p6 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.
ARGON中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典
ARGON中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典
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argon 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译
argonnoun [ U ] uk
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a chemical element that is a gas found in air. Argon does not react with other elements and is sometimes used to make electric lights.
氩
(argon在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)
argon的例句
argon
Figure 9a shows the optical micrograph of the untreated surface for the tracks of laser-induced plasma ions of argon with conical shape.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
These are considered geologically significant, and are interpreted to date the last cooling through temperatures required for intracrystalline argon retention.
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To avoid any interference from oxygen all the irradiation experiments were conducted under continuous flow of argon gas into the reaction medium.
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The latter is consistent with the saddle-shaped spectra, which suggest the presence of excess argon.
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Because hot argon emits light in a broad spectrum, one may choose a dye laser with a large number of upper laser level states.
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The argon gas discharge takes place between two parallel circular electrodes enclosed in a cylindrical chamber.
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Operational improvement of the high-pressure argon-mercury test lamp are considered with respect to the continuum spectrum in the visible wavelength range.
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It shows reshaping of argon ions with diffraction pattern and broken chains.
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示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
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科学网—【中文维基百科】第一个被发现的稀有气体——氩 - 李中平的博文
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【中文维基百科】第一个被发现的稀有气体——氩
已有 2926 次阅读
2023-5-3 09:13
|个人分类:地球科学|系统分类:科普集锦
氩（Argon），是一种化学元素，化学符号为Ar，原子序数为18，原子量为39.948 u，位在周期表的第18族，是一种稀有气体[2]。氩占大气体积的0.934%（9340 ppmv），是地球大气层第三多的气体，是水蒸气的两倍以上（平均4000 ppmv左右，但变化很大）、二氧化碳（400 ppmv）的23倍之多、氖（18 ppmv）的500倍以上。氩是地壳含量中最丰富的惰性元素，在地壳中占了0.00015%。[3] 已知的氩的同位素共有25种，其中氩36、氩38和氩40三种是稳定同位素，地球大气中大部分的氩元素是氩-40（由地壳中的钾-40衰变而来）。氩-36是宇宙中最为常见的氩同位素，因为它是最容易由超新星核聚变产生的产物。"argon"这个名称源自于希腊语中的 ἀργόν，意思是“懒惰的”、“不活跃的”，如此命名是因为这个元素几乎不进行化学反应。氩在原子外部壳层完整的八隅体（8个电子）让它变得更加稳定，也不容易与其它元素产生键结。它的三相点以国际实用温标定义为83.8058K。氩元素在工业制程上是借由液态空气分馏而得。氩常常作为遮气体，应用在焊接或是其他可以增加物质反应能力的高温工业制程。例如，在石墨电炉中加入氩气以防止石墨燃烧。氩气也用于白炽灯、萤光灯、其他气体放电管和萤光辉光启动器。氩在被激发后可放出青色的气体激光。 氩的原子光谱1.氩的发现历史氩（来自希腊语ἀργόν，带有懒惰或无效的意思），命名是参考它的化学活性。这个第一个被发现的稀有气体的化学性质令命名者印象深刻。[4][5]1785年，亨利·卡文迪什怀疑稀有气体是组成大气的一部分气体。1894年，在伦敦大学学院， 约翰·斯特拉特，第三代瑞利男爵和威廉·拉姆齐透过移除了氧气、二氧化碳、水以及氮的干净空气样本，使氩第一次从空气里被隔绝出来。[6][7][8] 他们已经确认从化学化合物生成的氮比大气中的氮还要轻0.5%，差异细微，但已足够重要吸引他们的注意力好几个月。他们做出了结论:空气中还有另一种气体与氮气混和在一起。[9]氩气在1882年也被H. F. Newall和沃尔特·诺尔·赫特利的研究偶然发现。他们发现新的发射光谱，并没有符合在当时已经知道的元素。 直到1957年，氩的化学符号一直是"A"，之后被改为"Ar"到现在。[10]2.氩的特性氩，是一种稀有气体。无论是气态还是液态，都是无色、无味而且无毒。它在水中的溶解度比氮多出了2.5倍。虽然氩在一般的情况下都很稳定，不会与其它化合物或元素化合，但是科学家还是有办法在极端的条件下形成一些氩化合物，像是2000年8月由芬兰化学家马库·拉萨能（Markku Räsänen）领导的小组发现的氟氩化氢。这个氟、氢和氩的化合物在−265°C才能保持稳定。[11]此外，氩还可以作为客体分子，与水形成包合物。[12]除了以上基态的物质外，目前已经发现含氩的离子和激发态配合物（像ArH+和ArF），而根据理论计算显示氩应该可以形成在室温下稳定的化合物，虽然目前还没有发现它们存在的线索。[13] 氩气常被注入灯泡内，因为氩即使在高温下也不会与灯丝发生化学作用，从而延长灯丝的寿命。[14]在不锈钢、锰、铝、钛和其它特种金属电弧焊接时、钢铁生产时，氩也用作保护气体。[来源请求]3.氩的发现 氩曾经在1785年由亨利·卡文迪什制备出来，但却没发现这是一种新的元素；直到1894年，约翰·斯特拉斯和苏格兰的化学家威廉·拉姆齐才通过实验确定氩是一种新元素。[15][16]他们主要是先从空气样本中去除氧、二氧化碳、水汽等后得到的氮气与从氨分解出的氮气比较，结果发现从氨里分解出的氮气比从空气中得到的氮气轻1.5%。虽然这个差异很小，但是已经大到误差的范围之外。所以他们认为空气中应该含以一种不为人知的新气体，而那个新气体就是氩气。另外1882年H.F. 纽厄尔和W.N.哈特莱从两个独立的实验中观测空气的颜色光谱时，发现光谱中存在已知元素光谱无法解释的谱线，但并没有意识到那就是氩气。由于在自然界中含量很多，氩是最早被发现的稀有气体。左图： 威廉·拉姆齐爵士（Sir William Ramsay）是一位苏格兰化学家，他发现了惰性气体，并因其在发现空气中惰性气体元素方面的贡献，1904年与他的合作者瑞利勋爵获得了诺贝尔化学奖。在两人发现了氩之后，拉姆齐研究了其他大气气体。他在分离氩、氦、氖、氪和氙方面的工作，导致了周期表新的发展。右图：瑞利是一位英国数学家和物理学家，获得了许多荣誉，其中包括1904年因“对重要气体的密度进行研究并在这些研究中发现氩元素”的贡献而获得的诺贝尔物理学奖。他曾担任皇家学会主席（1905-1908）和剑桥大学校长（1908-1919）。瑞利供了弹性散射现象中的第一个理论模型，即现在被称为“瑞利散射”的模型，它明确地解释了天空为什么是蓝色的。瑞利的教科书《声学理论》（1877年）至今仍被声学家和工程师使用。4.天然含量氩在地球大气中的含量以体积计算为0.934%，而以质量计算为1.29%，在地壳中，由于氩在自然情况下不与其他化合物反应，而无法形成固态物质，但可以被“困在”放射性岩石中。鉴于空气中的氩更易得，工业用的氩大多就直接从空气中提取。主要是用分馏法提取，而像是氮、氧、氖、氪、氙等气体也都是这样从空气中提取的。 [18] 而在火星的大气中，氩-40以体积计算的话占有1.6%，而氩-36的浓度为5ppm；另外1973年水手号计划的太空探测器飞过水星时，发现它稀薄的大气中占有70%氩气，科学家相信这些氩气是从水星岩石本身的放射性同位素衰变而成的。卡西尼-惠更斯号在土星最大的卫星，也就是泰坦上，也发现少量的氩。[19]5.同位素氩的稳定同位素为氩36、氩38和氩40三种是稳定同位素，其自然丰度分别为0.337%、0.063%和99.60%。一般来说，氩-40是由地球的岩石中的钾-40通过电子俘获或正子发射衰变而来。11.2%的钾-40以这两种方式衰变成氩-40，其余88.8%通过β衰变成为钙-40。这个特性可以用来测定岩石的年龄。 最早发现的氩同位素是氩-40，这种气体常存在于熔岩和岩石中，这是由于氩40会衰变成另一种元素钾40，因为这个过程需要很长时间，大约需要12.5亿年才将一半的钾转化为氩，这一过程称为放射性衰变。科学家们用这种方法来研究测量地球的年龄，所以如果我们知道岩石中钾和氩的含量，就可以计算岩石的年龄，这种方法叫做钾氩测年法（K-Ar dating）。在地球大气中，氩-39是一种不稳定的同位素，可以通过宇宙射线轰击氩-40或钾-39的中子俘获而来。氩-37则是一种非常不稳定的同位素，可以从核试验中形成的钙的人造同位素衰变而来，其半衰期只有35天。6.化合物由于氩气拥有的八个价电子，占满了其原子轨道的最外层，因此不容易与其他的原子结合，化学性质非常不活泼。在1962年以前，一般认为氩和其他的稀有气体是完全无法与其他物质产生化学反应，但不久之后比氩重的氙和氪的化合物就陆续被合成，因此也激励了科学家发现新的稀有气体化合物。1982年在星际空间探测到氩氢离子，是氩的一种多原子离子。[21]在2000年8月，第一个氩的化合物在芬兰的赫尔辛基大学由马库·拉萨能领导的小组首先被制备出来，他们利用紫外线照射含有微量氟化氢的氩气冰块，形成了氟氩化氢，分子式为HArF，这种化合物可以在40K（−233℃）的低温下保持稳定。[22]另外在2003年发现了一种新氩化合物存在的踪迹，二氟化氩（ArF2）[来源请求]，但目前还没有任何可靠的证据可以证实。7.制备目前在工业上得到氩的方法就是把空气蒸馏。用冷凝器可以先把沸点90.2K的氧液化，移除液氧之后继续冷却就可以液化沸点为87.3K的氩气，最后留下沸点77.35K的氮气。目前以这种方法制造的氩气在全世界高达七十万吨/年。[23] 另外用钾-40的衰变也可以制造氩气，但这种制备法的效率并不高，因为钾-40的半衰期长达1.26×109年，所以并不常用。如果要制造氩的放射性同位素的话，就必须要靠回旋加速器和重离子加速器来将其他元素转换成氩的同位素。8. 用途装有氩和汞蒸气的霓虹灯。这些桶子里装有氩气，可用于灭火。因为氩气具有惰性、低传热率等性质，因此它被广泛地运用在许多方面。[24]氩气最主要的用处就是它的惰性，可以保护一些容易与周遭物质发生反应的东西。[24]虽然其他的稀有气体也有这些特性，但是氩气在空气中的含量最多，也是最容易取得，因此相对就比较便宜，具有经济效益。另外氩气便宜的原因还有它是制造液氧和液氮的副产品，而由于它们两个都是工业上重要的原料，生产很多，所以每年都有很多的液氩副产品。 电灯泡里的填充气体，由于氩气不会与灯芯产生化学反应，而又能保持气压减缓钨丝升华，可延长灯丝使用寿命。氩可当作焊接时所用的保护气体，其中包括MIG焊接、GTA焊接与GMA焊接等，在这时氩通常会和二氧化碳混合在一起使用。[25]可用于灭火，用氩气灭火的好处是几乎不会破坏任何火场的物品，通常使在火场有特殊仪器时才使用。是用于感应耦合等离子体的气体之一。[26]用于保护加工中的钛和其他容易发生反应的金属：例如铷 和铯 。保护成长中的硅晶体和锗晶体，这晶体主要用于半导体学。在博物馆里，会在一些重要文物的玻璃专柜里填充氩气，避免氧化。[27]在啤酒罐中的填充物，虽然也可以用氮气代替。在酿酒的过程中，啤酒桶里的填充物，它可以把氧气置换，以避免啤酒桶里的原料被氧化成乙酸。在药学里，氩可以用于保护一些静脉内的治疗的药物，举个例子，像是对乙酰氨基酚。 一样的，这也是防止药物受到氧气的破坏。用于冷却AIM-9响尾蛇导弹的追踪器，氩当时都是以高压储存，然后当释放气体后就可以带走一些热量。[28]为石墨电熔炉中的保护气体，以免它被氧化。广告用的霓虹灯里，有时也会加入氩气，加了氩气的霓虹灯管，白天看起来是无色透明的，一旦通电后，氩气受到电的刺激，会放出青色的光芒。氩气的低传热率也是它的特性之一，像它可以作为隔热窗户中两层玻璃之间的填充物。[29] 因为氩的低传热率和惰性，氩气在水肺潜水可以用来作为膨胀潜水衣的气体。氩气还可以在水肺中代替氮气（吸收纯氧对身体不好，因此水肺中要添加其他气体），因为氮气在高压下会溶进血液里而造成氮麻醉，氩气则可以减轻这种症状（虽然一般来说，稀有气体也会造成这种症状）。[30]使用特定的方法可以使氩气离子化并且发光，这种功能可用于等离子体灯和粒子物理学中的能量器。以氩作成的氩激光会发出蓝光，它在医学外科中可用于连接动脉、去除肿瘤和治疗眼睛的缺陷等。[31]氩气还可以用于溅镀。另外氩-39有269年的半衰期，可以用于测定地下水和冰层的年龄，而钾-氩年代测定法适用钾-40衰变成氩-40的过程来用于测定火成岩的年龄。[32]9.危害一般来说，氩气是对身体毫无危害的，但是如果长期暴露在高浓度的氩气中会因为缺氧而窒息，液态氩则可能造成爆炸及冻伤。[33]（本文主要参考资料主要为维基百科——氩）文中所列的参考资料： Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2012-01-12., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. ,archive-web,archive-is^ In older versions of the periodic table, the noble gases were identified as Group VIIIA or as Group 0. 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History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers. National Nuclear Data Center. 12 March 2004 [2008-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-21）.^ Khriachtchev, Leonid; Mika Pettersson, Nino Runeberg, Jan Lundell & Markku Räsänen. A stable argon compound. Nature. 2000-08-24, 406: 874–876 [2008-05-01]. doi:10.1038/35022551. （原始内容存档于2016-04-13）.^ Belosludov, V. R.; O. S. Subbotin, D. S. Krupskii, O. V. Prokuda, and Y. Kawazoe. Microscopic model of clathrate compounds (PDF). Institute of Physics (has blown up once in a while) Publishing: 1. 2006 [2007-03-08] （英语）. [永久失效链接]^ Cohen, A.; Lundell, J.; Gerber, R. B. First compounds with argon–carbon and argon–silicon chemical bonds. Journal of Chemical Physics. 2003, 119 (13): 6415. Bibcode:2003JChPh.119.6415C. doi:10.1063/1.1613631.^ "Periodic Table of the Elements: Argon （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ,archive-web,archive-is" Lenntech （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2008. Retrieved on September 3, 2007.^ Lord Rayleigh;William Ramsay . Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere.. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1894–1895, 57 (1): 265–287.^ William Ramsay. Nobel Lecture in Chemistry, 1904. [2008-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-17）.^ Holden, Norman E. History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers. National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). 12. （原始内容存档于2011-07-21） （英语）. 已忽略未知参数|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助);^ Argon, Ar. [2007-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-07）.^ Seeing, touching and smelling the extraordinarily Earth-like world of Titan. European Space Agency. 21. （原始内容存档于2008-05-13） （英语）. 已忽略未知参数|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助);^ 跳转至：20.0 20.1 40Ar/39Ar dating and errors. [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-14）.^ Brault, James W; Davis, Sumner P. Fundamental Vibration-Rotation Bands and Molecular Constants for the ArH+ Ground State (1Σ+ ). Physica Scripta. 1 February 1982, 25 (2): 268–271. Bibcode:1982PhyS...25..268B. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/25/2/004.^ Bartlett, Neil. The Noble Gases. Chemical & Engineering News. （原始内容存档于2018-04-29） （英语）.^ 氩的介绍^ 跳转至：24.0 24.1 存档副本. [2020-06-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-30）.^ Weman, p 53^ 感應耦合電漿離子質譜儀技術及其在材料分析的運用 (PDF). 李珠. [2008-05-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-09-03）.^ USA National Archives description of how the Declaration of Independence is stored and displayed （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. More detail can be found in this more technical explanation 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2008-01-02., especially Page 4 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, which talks about the argon keeping the oxygen out.^ Description of Aim-9 Operation 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2008-12-22. ,archive-web,archive-is^ Energy-Efficient Windows. Bc Hydro. [2007-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-02）.,archive-web,archive-is^ "氮麻醉"。 大英百科全书。 2008年。 大英线上繁体中文版。2008年5月4日 <[1][永久失效链接],archive-web,archive-is>.^ Fujimoto, James; Rox Anderson, R. Tissue Optics, Laser-Tissue Interaction, and Tissue Engineering (PDF). Biomedical Optics: 77–88. 2006 [2007-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-03-14） （英语）. ,archive-web,archive-is^ 鉀-氬年代測定法. 中国大百科智慧藏. [2008-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-24）.,archive-web,archive-is^ Middaugh, John; Bledsoe, Gary. "Welder's Helper Asphyxiated in Argon-Inerted Pipe (FACE AK-94-012) 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2008-04-17.,archive-web,archive-is." State of Alaska Department of Public Health （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. June 23, 1994. Retrieved on September 3, 2007.
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氩(高纯)(Argon)
CAS: 7440-37-1
化学式: Ar
主页 产品无机化工单质 Argon
氩(高纯)是一种无色、无味、无毒的气体。它是地球大气中的第三常见元素，占据大气的0.934%。高纯氩是指氩的纯度达到了99.999%以上。
氩具有多种优良性质。首先，由于氩在大气中的含量很稳定，并且不会与其他元素发生反应，所以它是一种非常稳定的气体。其次，氩具有一定的惰性，因此可以用作一氧化碳和氯气等高毒性气体的替代品。此外，氩的辐射吸收能力很低，因此广泛用于保护焊接、激光切割和电弧切割等工艺中，以减少材料的氧化和熔融。
氩的制备方法主要是通过空分设备进行气体分离。这些设备通过将空气压缩、冷却和分离来获得高纯氩气。在空分设备中，利用了气体的沸点差异，将空气中的氮气和氧气分离出来，从而得到高纯度的氩气。
在使用氩气时，需要注意一些安全事项。首先，由于氩是一种无色无味的气体，没有明显的告警性，因此在使用过程中要特别注意防范氩气泄露。其次，氩气对人体没有明显毒性，但浓度过高时会引起窒息，因此应在通风良好的场所使用，并避免将容器密封，以免产生过高的压力。此外，氩气为非可燃气体，但可以作为惰性气体支持燃烧，因此在使用氩气时要远离火源。
总结一下，氩(高纯)是一种稳定、无毒且广泛应用的气体。它主要用于焊接、切割和保护气体等工艺中，具有重要的工业应用价值。最后更新：2023-12-21 00:21:33
中文名 氩(高纯)英文名 Argon别名 氖氩氬氩气液氩高纯氩灯泡氩高压氩气氩(高纯)英文别名 Argonargongasargon-40argon atomargonliquidARGON ULTRAPLUSARGON SPUTTERINGargon,compressedargon,highpurityARGON GIGAPLUS(TM)argon,refrigeratedliquidARGON, PRESSURE TIN WITH 1 Largon,refrigeratedliquid(cryogenicliquid)CAS 7440-37-1EINECS 231-147-0化学式 Ar分子量 39.95InChI InChI=1/Ar密度 1.784（0℃）熔点 -189.2°C(lit.)沸点 -185.7°C(lit.)水溶性 33.6mL/1000g H2O (20°C) [KIR78]; Henry’s law constants, k×10?4: 3.974 (25.0°C), 5.359 (65.1°C), 5.342 (91.1°C), 3.812 (222.7°C), 2.541 (267.3°C), 1.870 (287.9°C) [POT78]蒸汽压 343000mmHg at 25°C蒸汽密度 1.38 (21 °C, vs air)稳定性 稳定。惰性。外观 无色气体Merck 13,788物化性质 空气中含量最多的一种稀有气体。无色、无味、无臭。 溶于水，0℃时溶解度为5.6g/cm3水。也溶于乙醇。安全术语 38 - 通风不良时，须佩戴适当的呼吸器。
危险品运输编号 UN 1006 2.2WGK Germany -RTECS CF2300000FLUKA BRAND F CODES 4.5-31Hazard Class 2.2上游原料 液氨 氩(高纯) 下游产品 锂 硅 碳化硅 3-乙酰苯腈 2-氨基环己腈 4-吡啶-2-异恶唑-5-胺 2-（5-甲基-2-苯基1，3-氧杂醇-4-烷基）乙酸 孕二烯酮 多西他赛 氪气 贝前列素 他卡西妥 4-溴-3-羰基戊酸甲酯 磷化钙 磷化镓 氙气 二氧化锆铝
Argon - 性质可信数据无色、无味、无臭、无毒的惰性气体，化学性质极不活泼。在21.1℃和101. 3kPa下气体相对密度1.38。气体密度1- 650kg.m-3 (21.1℃，101. 3kPa)，液体密度1394.Okg．m-3(一185.9℃，101. 3kPa)。沸点- 185.9℃。熔点-189.2℃。临界温度-122.3C，临界压力4. 893MPa。溶于有机溶剂。不燃烧，无毒，但人体吸入易窒息。无腐蚀性。若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险.
最后更新：2024-01-02 23:10:35Argon - 制法可信数据采用空气分离提取氩，即将液化的空气进行精馏，得到粗氩，粗氩经进一步提纯可得到高纯氩。
最后更新：2022-01-01 08:54:52Argon - 用途可信数据高纯氩在半导体工业中用作生产高纯硅和锗晶体的保护气体；可用作系统清洗、屏蔽和增压用惰性气体；在化学气相沉积、溅射和退火等工艺中有所应用。高纯氩可用作色谱载气，也可用作大规模集成电路中混合气体的稀释气。氩被广泛用于充填弧光灯、荧光灯和电子管；焊接保护气；在钛、钴及其他活性金属的生产中用作屏蔽气；在黑色冶金中，氩气用于吹炼特种钢，以提高钢的质量，特别是不锈钢制造中消耗大量氩气。
最后更新：2022-01-01 08:54:52Argon - 安全性可信数据无毒，是一种窒息性气体，高浓度时，使氧分压降低而发生窒息，氩浓度达50%以上，引起严重症状；75%以上时，可在数分钟内死亡。当空气中氩浓度增高时，先出现呼吸加速，注意力不集中，以致死亡。避免高浓度吸入。进入罐、限制性空间或其他高浓度区作业，须有人监护。液态氩可致皮肤冻伤；眼部接触可引起炎症。贮存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过30℃。应与易（可）燃物分开存放，切忌混贮。
最后更新：2022-01-01 08:54:53
查看Argon结构式
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河北贞田食品添加剂有限公司产品名: 氩(高纯)
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 河北电话: 0319-5925599手机: 13373390591电子邮件: 13313091926@163.com微信: 13373390591 浙江杭宇医药科技有限公司提供多种规格产品名: 氩(高纯)
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 浙江电话: +86 18134193529手机: 18134193529电子邮件: 18134193529@163.com 天脊集团应用化工有限公司产品名: 液氩
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 山西电话: 0355-6898890电子邮件: zcs@tjyyhg.com产品描述: 常用作惰性保护气体，填充各种类型灯泡 天津市东祥特种气体有限责任公司产品名: 液氩
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 天津电话: 022-58136678电子邮件: dongxiangteqi@sina.com产品描述: 常用作惰性保护气体，填充各种类型灯泡 江西湘樟化工有限公司产品名: 氩气
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 江西电话: 0795-7567200 13970585117电子邮件: sales@xiangzhangchem.com产品描述: 常用作惰性保护气体，填充各种类型灯泡
河北贞田食品添加剂有限公司产品名: 氩(高纯)
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 河北电话: 0319-5925599手机: 13373390591电子邮件: 13313091926@163.com微信: 13373390591 浙江杭宇医药科技有限公司提供多种规格产品名: 氩(高纯)
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 浙江电话: +86 18134193529手机: 18134193529电子邮件: 18134193529@163.com 天脊集团应用化工有限公司产品名: 液氩
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 山西电话: 0355-6898890电子邮件: zcs@tjyyhg.com产品描述: 常用作惰性保护气体，填充各种类型灯泡 天津市东祥特种气体有限责任公司产品名: 液氩
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 天津电话: 022-58136678电子邮件: dongxiangteqi@sina.com产品描述: 常用作惰性保护气体，填充各种类型灯泡 江西湘樟化工有限公司产品名: 氩气
询盘CAS: 7440-37-1产地: 江西电话: 0795-7567200 13970585117电子邮件: sales@xiangzhangchem.com产品描述: 常用作惰性保护气体，填充各种类型灯泡
Argon的上游原料
液氨 氩(高纯)
Argon的下游产品
硅 碳化硅 3-(2-溴乙酰基)苯甲腈 2-（5-甲基-2-苯基1，3-氧杂醇-4-烷基）乙酸 孕二烯酮 锗 4-溴-3-羰基戊酸甲酯 磷化钙 磷化镓 氩氖混合气
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氩 - 搜狗百科
搜狗百科氩(Argon)是一种化学元素，在希腊语有“不活泼”的意思，由它的特性而来；非金属元素，元素符号Ar，原子序数是18，为单原子分子，单质为无色、无臭和无味的气体，是目前最早发现的稀有气体。由于原子外层轨道充满电子，因此它不容易发生化学反应，是一种惰性气体。把它放电时呈紫色。已知的氩的同位素共有14种，包括氩33至氩46。氩占大气体积的0.93%，是地球大气中第三多的气体，也是在大气中含量最多的惰性气体。它的三相点以国际实用温标定义为83.8058K。网页微信知乎图片视频医疗汉语问问百科更多»登录帮助首页任务任务中心公益百科积分商城个人中心添加义项氩是一个多义词，您可以选择查看以下义项（共2个义项）：化学元素2017年李允正执导电视剧氩编辑词条添加义项同义词收藏分享分享到QQ空间新浪微博化学元素氩（Argon）是一种化学元素，在希腊语有“不活泼”的意思，由它的特性而来；非金属元素，元素符号Ar，原子序数是18，为单原子分子，单质为无色、无臭和无味的气体，是目前最早发现的稀有气体。由于原子外层轨道充满电子，因此它不容易发生化学反应，是一种惰性气体。把它放电时呈紫色。已知的氩的同位素共有14种，包括氩33至氩46。氩占大气体积的0.93%，是地球大气中第三多的气体，也是在大气中含量最多的惰性气体。它的三相点以国际实用温标定义为83.8058K。中文名氩展开元素符号Ar展开发现人瑞利、拉姆赛展开原子量39.948展开周期第三周期展开区p区展开外文名Argon展开沸点-185.7℃展开外观无色气体展开原子序数18展开族0族展开词条标签：化学化学元素气体元素名称物理学免责声明搜狗百科词条内容由用户共同创建和维护，不代表搜狗百科立场。如果您需要医学、法律、投资理财等专业领域的建议，我们强烈建议您独自对内容的可信性进行评估，并咨询相关专业人士。词条信息词条浏览：72345次最近更新：23.05.17编辑次数：37次创建者：依剑倾心突出贡献者：新手指引了解百科编辑规范用户体系商城兑换问题解答关于审核关于编辑关于创建常见问题意见反馈及投诉举报与质疑举报非法用户未通过申诉反馈侵权信息对外合作邮件合作任务领取官方微博微信公众号搜索词条编辑词条 收藏 查看我的收藏分享分享到QQ空间新浪微博投诉登录企业推广免责声明用户协议隐私政策编辑帮助意见反馈及投诉© SOGOU.COM 京ICP备11001839号-1 京公网安备110000020000Argon
Argon
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Argon
Formula: Ar
Molecular weight: 39.948
IUPAC Standard InChI:
InChI=1S/Ar
Copy
IUPAC Standard InChIKey:
XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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CAS Registry Number: 7440-37-1
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
Other names:
Ar;
UN 1006;
UN 1951;
argon atom
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for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species
for future reference.
Information on this page:
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Phase change data
Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
Henry's Law data
Gas phase ion energetics data
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
References
Notes
Other data available:
Reaction thermochemistry data:
reactions 51 to 100,
reactions 101 to 102
Ion clustering data
Fluid Properties
Data at other public NIST sites:
NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database
Gas Phase Kinetics Database
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
Options:
Switch to calorie-based units
Data at NIST subscription sites:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright
by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
S°gas,1 bar154.846 ± 0.003J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
S°gas,1 bar154.84J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1982
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot
Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
View table.
Temperature (K)
298. - 6000.
A
20.78600
B
2.825911×10-7
C
-1.464191×10-7
D
1.092131×10-8
E
-3.661371×10-8
F
-6.197350
G
179.9990
H
0.000000
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment
Data last reviewed in March, 1982
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright
by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Tboil87.5KN/AStreng, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Tboil87.28KN/AGosman, McCarty, et al., 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Tfus83.8KN/AVan't Zelfde, Omar, et al., 1968Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Ttriple87.78KN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1972Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Ttriple83.8KN/AGosman, McCarty, et al., 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Ttriple83.8KN/AZiegler, Mullins, et al., 1962Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Ttriple83.78KN/AClark, Din, et al., 1951Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Ttriple83.78KN/AClusius and Weigand, 1940Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; See property X for dP/dT at triple point; TRC
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Ptriple0.689barN/AGosman, McCarty, et al., 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0001 bar; TRC
Ptriple0.689barN/AZiegler, Mullins, et al., 1962Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0001 bar; TRC
Ptriple0.6875barN/AClark, Din, et al., 1951Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0007 bar; TRC
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Tc150.86KN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1972Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tc150.86KN/AGosman, McCarty, et al., 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tc150.65KN/AMcCain and Ziegler, 1967Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Pc4.8979barN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1972Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.002 bar; TRC
Pc48.9805barN/AGosman, McCarty, et al., 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1013 bar; TRC
Pc48.5549barN/AMcCain and Ziegler, 1967Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0709 bar; TRC
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ρc13.41mol/lN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1972Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 mol/l; TRC
ρc8.4029mol/lN/AGosman, McCarty, et al., 1969Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.008 mol/l; TRC
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot
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Temperature (K)
A
B
C
Reference
Comment
114.40 - 150.314.46903481.01222.156McCain and Ziegler, 1967Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
83.78 - 150.723.29555215.24-22.233Drii and Rabinovich, 1966Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
129.33 - 147.404.97171658.98249.819van Itterbeek, Verbeke, et al., 1963Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
90.94 - 101.483.73479302.683-6.083Clark, Din, et al., 1951, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center
(TRC) data available from this site, much more physical
and chemical property data is available from the
following TRC products:
SRD 103a – Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds.
SRD 103b – Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds,
binary mixtures and chemical reactions
SRSD 2 – Web Thermo Tables (WTT), "lite" edition
SRSD 3 – Web Thermo Tables (WTT), professional edition
SRD 147 – Ionic Liquids Database
SRD 156 – Clathrate Hydrate Physical Property Database
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright
by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the
reaction search for this species. This page allows searching
of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search
form is
also available. Future versions of this site may rely on
reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction
displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
+ = ( • )
By formula: Li+ + Ar = (Li+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°30. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°30.J/mol*KDTMcKnight and Sawina, 1973gas phase; ΔrS approximate; M
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol)
T (K)
Method
Reference
Comment
5.9294.IMobCassidy and Elford, 1985gas phase; M
7.9319.DTKeller, Beyer, et al., 1973gas phase; LOW E/N; M
11.215.DTMcKnight and Sawina, 1973gas phase; ΔrS approximate; M
Ar+ + = (Ar+ • )
By formula: Ar+ + Ar = (Ar+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°100. ± 90.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°53.6J/mol*KPHPMSTeng and Conway, 1973gas phase; switching reaction(N2+)Ar; Turner and Conway, 1979, Liu and Conway, 1975; M
+ = ( • )
By formula: K+ + Ar = (K+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°12. ± 3.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points
+ = ( • )
By formula: N2+ + Ar = (N2+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°112.kJ/molPD/KERDKim and Bowers, 1990gas phase; switching reaction(N2+)N2; Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988; M
ΔrH°106.kJ/molPHPMSTeng and Conway, 1973gas phase; switching reaction(N2+)N2; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°81.6J/mol*KPD/KERDKim and Bowers, 1990gas phase; switching reaction(N2+)N2; Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988; M
ΔrS°57.3J/mol*KPHPMSTeng and Conway, 1973gas phase; switching reaction(N2+)N2; M
+ = ( • )
By formula: Cs+ + Ar = (Cs+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°8.16kJ/molIMobGatland, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°6.11kJ/molSCATTERINGGislason, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°8.20kJ/molIMobViehland, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°9.54kJ/molIMobTakebe, 1983gas phase; M
ΔrH°9.6kJ/molIMobTakebe, 1983gas phase; values from this reference are consistently too high; M
+ = ( • )
By formula: Cr+ + Ar = (Cr+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°29. ± 2.kJ/molSIDTKemper, Hsu, et al., 1991gas phase; ΔrH(0 K) = 27.4 kJ/mol, ΔrS(100 K) = 60.2 J/mol*K; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°66.1J/mol*KSIDTKemper, Hsu, et al., 1991gas phase; ΔrH(0 K) = 27.4 kJ/mol, ΔrS(100 K) = 60.2 J/mol*K; M
+ = ( • )
By formula: Na+ + Ar = (Na+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°15. ± 8.8kJ/molCIDTArmentrout and Rodgers, 2000RCD
ΔrH°15.5kJ/molSCATTERINGGislason, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°18.4kJ/molIMobViehland, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°18.kJ/molDTMcKnight and Sawina, 1973gas phase; M
ΔrH°20.4kJ/molIMobTakebe, 1983gas phase; M
H3+ + = (H3+ • )
By formula: H3+ + Ar = (H3+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°28.0 ± 0.8kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
ΔrH°31. ± 3.kJ/molSIFTBedford and Smith, 1990gas phase; switching reaction(H3+)H2, Hiraoka and Mori, 1989; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°56.1J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
Xe+ + = (Xe+ • )
By formula: Xe+ + Ar = (Xe+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°17.kJ/molPIDehmer and Pratt, 1982gas phase; M
ΔrH°25.kJ/molSIFTJones, Lister, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrH°13.kJ/molPINg, Tiedemann, et al., 1977gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°81.2J/mol*KSIFTJones, Lister, et al., 1980gas phase; M
(Ar+ • 2) + = (Ar+ • 3)
By formula: (Ar+ • 2Ar) + Ar = (Ar+ • 3Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°20. ± 1.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°72.4J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol)
T (K)
Method
Reference
Comment
8.477.PHPMSTeng and Conway, 1973gas phase; M
( • 7) + = ( • 8)
By formula: (N2+ • 7Ar) + Ar = (N2+ • 8Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°6.40kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mori, et al., 1992gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°71.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mori, et al., 1992gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
( • 8) + = ( • 9)
By formula: (N2+ • 8Ar) + Ar = (N2+ • 9Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°6.36kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mori, et al., 1992gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°71.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mori, et al., 1992gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
+ = ArF-
By formula: F- + Ar = ArF-
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°8.37kJ/molTDAsWada, Kikkawa, et al., 2007gas phase; Entropy estimated; B
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrG°-16.6kJ/molTDAsWada, Kikkawa, et al., 2007gas phase; Entropy estimated; B
+ = ( • )
By formula: Rb+ + Ar = (Rb+ • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°8.49kJ/molIMobGatland, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°8.28kJ/molIMobViehland, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°11.9kJ/molIMobTakebe, 1983gas phase; M
(O- • 10) + = (O- • 11)
By formula: (O- • 10Ar) + Ar = (O- • 11Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°2. ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 11) + = (O- • 12)
By formula: (O- • 11Ar) + Ar = (O- • 12Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°3. ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 12) + = (O- • 13)
By formula: (O- • 12Ar) + Ar = (O- • 13Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.8 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 13) + = (O- • 14)
By formula: (O- • 13Ar) + Ar = (O- • 14Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.8 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 14) + = (O- • 15)
By formula: (O- • 14Ar) + Ar = (O- • 15Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°2. ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 15) + = (O- • 16)
By formula: (O- • 15Ar) + Ar = (O- • 16Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 16) + = (O- • 17)
By formula: (O- • 16Ar) + Ar = (O- • 17Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 17) + = (O- • 18)
By formula: (O- • 17Ar) + Ar = (O- • 18Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.8 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 18) + = (O- • 19)
By formula: (O- • 18Ar) + Ar = (O- • 19Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 19) + = (O- • 20)
By formula: (O- • 19Ar) + Ar = (O- • 20Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 20) + = (O- • 21)
By formula: (O- • 20Ar) + Ar = (O- • 21Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 21) + = (O- • 22)
By formula: (O- • 21Ar) + Ar = (O- • 22Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 22) + = (O- • 23)
By formula: (O- • 22Ar) + Ar = (O- • 23Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 23) + = (O- • 24)
By formula: (O- • 23Ar) + Ar = (O- • 24Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 24) + = (O- • 25)
By formula: (O- • 24Ar) + Ar = (O- • 25Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.8 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 25) + = (O- • 26)
By formula: (O- • 25Ar) + Ar = (O- • 26Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°0.8 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 9) + = (O- • 10)
By formula: (O- • 9Ar) + Ar = (O- • 10Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°3. ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 2) + = (O- • 3)
By formula: (O- • 2Ar) + Ar = (O- • 3Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°6.7 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 3) + = (O- • 4)
By formula: (O- • 3Ar) + Ar = (O- • 4Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°5.9 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 4) + = (O- • 5)
By formula: (O- • 4Ar) + Ar = (O- • 5Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°5.0 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 5) + = (O- • 6)
By formula: (O- • 5Ar) + Ar = (O- • 6Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°5.0 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 6) + = (O- • 7)
By formula: (O- • 6Ar) + Ar = (O- • 7Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°4.2 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 7) + = (O- • 8)
By formula: (O- • 7Ar) + Ar = (O- • 8Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°4. ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • 8) + = (O- • 9)
By formula: (O- • 8Ar) + Ar = (O- • 9Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°4. ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(O- • ) + = (O- • 2)
By formula: (O- • Ar) + Ar = (O- • 2Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°8.4 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(Ar+ • ) + = (Ar+ • 2)
By formula: (Ar+ • Ar) + Ar = (Ar+ • 2Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°21.2 ± 0.3kJ/molPHPMSTurner and Conway, 1979gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°84.9J/mol*KPHPMSTurner and Conway, 1979gas phase; M
( • ) + = ( • 2)
By formula: (N2+ • Ar) + Ar = (N2+ • 2Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°16.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mori, et al., 1992gas phase; ΔrH>; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°71.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mori, et al., 1992gas phase; ΔrH>; M
O- + = (O- • )
By formula: O- + Ar = (O- • Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°9.2 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Hendricks, et al., 1995gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
(Ar+ • 10) + = (Ar+ • 11)
By formula: (Ar+ • 10Ar) + Ar = (Ar+ • 11Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°6.5 ± 0.8kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°72.8J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
(Ar+ • 9) + = (Ar+ • 10)
By formula: (Ar+ • 9Ar) + Ar = (Ar+ • 10Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°6.49 ± 0.84kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°71.5J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
(D3+ • 2) + = (D3+ • 3)
By formula: (D3+ • 2Ar) + Ar = (D3+ • 3Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°18.6 ± 0.4kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°77.0J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
(D3+ • 3) + = (D3+ • 4)
By formula: (D3+ • 3Ar) + Ar = (D3+ • 4Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°10.2 ± 0.4kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°69.5J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
(D3+ • 4) + = (D3+ • 5)
By formula: (D3+ • 4Ar) + Ar = (D3+ • 5Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°9.5 ± 0.4kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°72.8J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
(D3+ • 5) + = (D3+ • 6)
By formula: (D3+ • 5Ar) + Ar = (D3+ • 6Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°9.1 ± 0.4kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°79.9J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
(D3+ • 6) + = (D3+ • 7)
By formula: (D3+ • 6Ar) + Ar = (D3+ • 7Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°6.5 ± 0.4kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°105.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989gas phase; M
(Ar+ • 3) + = (Ar+ • 4)
By formula: (Ar+ • 3Ar) + Ar = (Ar+ • 4Ar)
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrH°7.0 ± 0.8kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
ΔrS°58.2J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mori, 1989, 2gas phase; M
Henry's Law data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright
by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K)
Method
Reference
0.00141500.LN/A
0.00141100.MN/A
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright
by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
IE (evaluated)15.759 ± 0.001eVN/AN/AL
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Proton affinity (review)369.2kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity
Value
Units
Method
Reference
Comment
Gas basicity346.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV)
Method
Reference
Comment
15.763PIPECOWeitzel, Mahnert, et al., 1994LL
15.75962EVALLide, 1992LL
15.82EIWetzel, Baiocchi, et al., 1987LBLHLM
15.760SKelly, 1987LBLHLM
15.759PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
15.88EIClare and Sowerby, 1981LLK
15.7EIFreiser, 1980LLK
15.75962 ± 0.00001SMinnhagen, 1973LLK
15.753 ± 0.002TESpohr, Guyon, et al., 1971LLK
15.75962 ± 0.00001SYoshino, 1970RDSH
15.759SYoshino, 1969RDSH
15.713 ± 0.003CIHotop and Niehaus, 1969RDSH
15.757 ± 0.005PECollin and Natalis, 1968RDSH
15.74 ± 0.05EIGallegos and Klaver, 1967RDSH
15.78 ± 0.03EIWinters, Collins, et al., 1966RDSH
15.79PEAl-Joboury and Turner, 1963RDSH
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
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References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright
by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
Symbols used in this document:
IE (evaluated)
Recommended ionization energy
Pc
Critical pressure
Ptriple
Triple point pressure
S°gas,1 bar
Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
T
Temperature
Tboil
Boiling point
Tc
Critical temperature
Tfus
Fusion (melting) point
Ttriple
Triple point temperature
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)
Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°H
Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
ΔrG°
Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
ΔrH°
Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
ΔrS°
Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
ρc
Critical density
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69:
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Properties and uses of argon | Britannica
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Below is the article summary. For the full article, see argon.
argonProperties of argon.(more)argon, Chemical element, chemical symbol Ar, atomic number 18. Colourless, odourless, and tasteless, it is the most abundant of the noble gases on Earth and the one most used in industry. It constitutes about 1% of air and is obtained by distillation of liquid air. Argon provides an inert gas shield in welding and brazing, in lightbulbs and lasers, in Geiger counters, and in the production and fabrication of certain metals. Because a radioactive form of argon is produced by decay of a naturally occurring radioactive potassium isotope, it can be used to date rocks and samples more than 100,000 years old.
Lord Rayleigh Summary
Lord Rayleigh, English physical scientist who made fundamental discoveries in the fields of acoustics and optics that are basic to the theory of wave propagation in fluids. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904 for his successful isolation of argon, an inert atmospheric gas. Strutt